History - Grade 12 -2023 G.C

Grade 12 students can now access their exam results by visiting the Educational Assessment and Examination Services (EAES) website.


20. Which one of the following factors intensified the conflict between the Christian kingdom and the Sultanate of Adal in the 15th and early 16th centuries?

  1. The shift of the Christian political center to Shewa.
  2. The introduction of new weapons like muskets
  3. The establishment of the Turks along the Red Sea coast
  4. The pressure created by the migration of lowland pastoralists


21. What was the factor that led to the decline of the gada institution among the Oromo of the Gibe region?

  1. Political influence of Sudanese states of the Ethio-Sudan border.
  2. The shift of the economy from pastoralism to agriculture.
  3. Warfare and the rise of powerful war leaders
  4. The conquest of the region by the forces of Menelik.


22. Which of the following is NOT a correct description of long-distance trade routes of 19th century Ethiopia?

  1. Jiren-Rogge-Harar-Massawa
  2. Basso-Darita-Gonder-Mettema
  3. Jiren-Seka-Soddo-Aliyu Amba
  4. Bonga-Jiren-Asendabo-Darita


23. What was Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in the unification of Italy?

  1. He brought together the Pope and Cavour to work for unification.
  2. He inspired and led a popular uprising for Italian unification.
  3. He secured Napoleon IIl's diplomatic support for Italian unification.
  4. He deepened Italian national consciousness through his writings.


24. How did the Congress of Vienna of 1815 lay the ground for the German unification?

  1. It made Prussia the leading German state of the confederation.
  2. It brought the different German states under one customs union.
  3. It made German an official language for the confederation.
  4. It created a German confederation led by Austria.


We have provided these questions from previous years grade 12 Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination (ESSLCE) exams with the sole purpose of assisting students in their studies and preparations for upcoming exams. Please be aware that these questions are not indicative of future exam content. Good luck with your studies!

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